Materials
Grain direction
Grain direction is the predominant alignment of fibres in a paper or board sheet.
What it means in packaging
It affects bending, stiffness and the tendency of a fold to crack. Rotating a blank to fit more copies on a sheet can change the relationship between grain and important creases. Corrugated flute direction is a separate structural consideration.
A practical example
Two identical cartons cut at right angles on a sheet can feel different when folded along the same panel edge.
What to check
Agree acceptable rotation and grain constraints before optimising the sheet layout.